A | Are 3D mammograms better than standard 2D imaging for catching advanced cancers?A clinical trial is recruiting thousands of volunteers — including a large number of Black women who face disparities in breast cancer death rates — to try to find out.People like Carole Stovall, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., have signed up for the study to help answer the question.“We all need a mammogram anyway, so why not do it with a study that allows the scientists to understand more and move closer to finding better treatments and ways of maybe even preventing it?” Stovall said.The underrepresentation of women and minorities in research is a long-simmering issue affecting health problems including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and COVID-19. Trials without diversity lead to gaps in understanding of how new treatments work for all people. “Until we get more Black women into clinical trials, we can’t change the science. And we need better science for Black bodies,” said Ricki Fairley, a breast cancer survivor and advocate who is working on the issue.Black women are 40% more likely to die from breast cancer than white women and tend to be diagnosed younger. But it’s not clear whether 3D mammography is better for them, said Dr. Worta McCaskill-Stevens of the National Cancer Institute.“Are there populations for whom this might be important to have early diagnosis?" asked McCaskill-Stevens. "Or is it harmful,” causing too many false alarms or unneeded follow-up tests and treatments?McCaskill-Stevens, who is Black, leads NCI’s efforts to boost access to cancer research in minority and rural communities. She has joined the study herself.The newer 3D technique has been around for a decade, but there’s never been conclusive evidence that it's better than 2D at detecting advanced cancers. The screening technique combines multiple pictures of the breast taken from different angles to create a 3D-like image. Both 3D and 2D mammograms compress the breast and use low doses of radiation.Prior studies suggest that 3D finds more cancers than 2D, but catching more cancers doesn’t necessarily mean more lives saved. Some cancers missed by standard screening may not progress or need treatment. Previous studies did not randomly assign patients to a screening method, the gold standard for research.The notion “that if it’s new, it’s shiny, then it’s better,” isn’t necessarily true, McCaskill-Stevens said. “Until we have the evidence to support that, then we need well-designed randomized trials.”The trial has enrolled nearly 93,000 women so far with a goal of 128,000. The NCI-funded study is now running in Canada, South Korea, Peru, Argentina, Italy and 32 U.S. states. A site in Thailand will soon begin enrolling patients.“We added more international sites to enhance the trial’s diversity, particularly for Hispanic and Asian women,” said Dr. Etta Pisano, who leads the study. Overall, 42% of participants are Hispanic. As recruiting continues, enrolling Black women and other women of color will “absolutely” continue as a priority, Pisano said.Participants are randomly assigned to either 2D or 3D mammograms and are followed for several years. The number of advanced cancers detected by the two methods will be compared.At the U.S. study sites, 21% of study participants are Black women — that's higher than a typical cancer treatment study, in which 9% of participants are Black, McCaskill-Stevens said.The University of North Carolina has signed up more Black women than any other study site. Nearly a quarter of the nearly 3,000 women enrolled at UNC’s two locations are Black.“Women in North Carolina want to take part in something that’s bigger than them,” said Dr. Cherie Kuzmiak, who leads the UNC arm of the study. “They want this active role in helping determine the future of health care for women.”In Washington, D.C., word of mouth has led to successful recruiting. A chance encounter at her hair salon persuaded Stovall to join the research. While waiting for a hair appointment, she met Georgetown University cancer researcher Lucile Adams-Campbell. The two, both Black, started chatting.“She explained how important it was to get women of color into the program,” said Stovall, who jumped at the chance to catch up on her mammograms after the COVID-19 pandemic delayed screening for her and thousands of others.For Stovall, there was a personal reason to join the research. Her sister recently completed treatment for triple negative breast cancer, an aggressive type that affects Black women at higher rates than white women. Women ages 45 to 74 without a personal history of breast cancer are eligible for the study, which launched in 2017. Many women also are providing blood and cheek swab samples for a database that will be mined for insights.“It’s a dream that people had since the beginning of screening that we wouldn’t fit everybody into the same box,” Pisano said. The study's findings could “reduce disparities if we’re successful, assuming people have access to care.”Stovall, 72, had a brief scare when her mammogram, the traditional 2D type, showed something suspicious. A biopsy ruled out cancer.“I was extremely relieved,” Stovall said. “Everybody I know has heard from me about the need for them to go get a mammogram.”___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。
B | AI摘要 莆田渔民高金全勇救落水男童被认定见义勇为，警方正寻找一同施救的无名“泳圈侠”。男童已无大碍，警方提醒海边游玩需警惕暗流等风险，注意安全。 东南网8月23日讯（福建日报报业集团记者 陈盛钟 通讯员 朱中威）19日，在莆田湄洲岛海域勇救落水男童的当地渔民高金全，被莆田市公安局湄洲湾北岸经济开发区分局认定为见义勇为。 “当时根本没想那么多，只有救人一个念头，生命是最重要的！”回想起跳海救人瞬间，高金全感慨地说。 8月7日傍晚，一名9岁小男孩在湄洲岛莲池沙滩玩耍时，因所穿拖鞋不慎被海浪冲走，他情急之下便一路向前追赶，不料被一阵突如其来的大浪卷入海中。此时，海边风浪汹涌，男童在海中无力挣扎，越漂越远。岸上的妈妈亲眼看着孩子被海水卷走，急得跳脚大哭、焦急呼救，情况万分危急。
C | 恰在此时，58岁的湄洲岛高朱村渔民高金全骑车途经此地，目睹了这惊险的一幕。他没有丝毫犹豫，纵身跳入波涛汹涌的海中施救。
D | 凭着过硬的水性，他全力向溺水男童游去，最终牢牢护住孩子，艰难地往岸边奋力回撤。 然而，汹涌的海浪不断袭来，阻力极大，长时间搏浪救人的高金全越来越吃力。千钧一发之际，一名热心群众带着游泳圈跳入海中驰援。二人默契配合，并肩作战，最终成功把小男孩安全救回岸边。其后，这位不留姓名的“泳圈侠”悄然离开现场，身份至今未确认。 看到男童化险为夷，大家都松了一口气。随后赶到的湄洲派出所民警将男童送至医院进行全面检查，确认其身体并无大碍。
E | 为不让每一份善意被埋没，目前，莆田警方正面向全社会征集线索，全力寻找当天一起参与救援的无名英雄，延续温暖。 莆田海岸线绵长，海边亲水游玩、赶海踏浪成为游客日常休闲首选。不过，近海存在浪涌、离岸流、礁石、滩涂淤泥等诸多风险，有时看似平静的海面却暗藏极大安全隐患。对此，警方提醒，到海边游玩务必提高警惕，应留意观察海滩和海浪状况，注意相关警示标识，不要盲目下水嬉戏，以免发生意外。
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