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清华大学科学史系主任吴国盛：中国基础科学突破要摈弃功利主义科学观_我的网站

一 |          Officials and industry leaders highlight rising demand and deeper cooperation    Soybeans, carried as ballast on the return voyage from Asia to America some 200 years ago, have become a ballast of China-U.S. agricultural trade.     Susan Thornton, former acting U.S. assistant secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, offered the historical footnote to a room where "ballast" had already become the word of the day.    "So that kind of makes this word ballast even more, I think, essential for our U.S.-China agricultural trade," she told the gathering, organized by the U.S. Soybean Export Council, or USSEC, during its annual Soy Connext conference held in Chicago on Friday.    The event drew U.S. and Chinese officials, U.S. soy industry leaders, and a Chinese delegation of traders and representatives from oil crushing, food and feed companies.    Chinese Consul General in Chicago Wang Baodong said soybeans have served for many years "as an important bridge in China-U.S. agricultural cooperation, and the soybean trade has been a ballast of the broader part for economic and trade relationship".    China is home to the world's largest market for agricultural products, he noted, and high-quality U.S. soybeans help meet rising demand from Chinese consumers while generating income and supporting jobs in U.S. farm communities.    Those were the good old days, Wang said, recalling that 2022 marked the highest level ever for U.S. agricultural and soybean exports to China. The good old days, he added, came to an abrupt halt last year.    "The U.S. government launched the tariff and trade war against China, and China was compelled to take necessary countermeasures, and as a result, soybean trade between our two countries was disrupted for a period of time, and American farmers became a victim and bore much of the cost, which was never an outcome China wished to see," he said.    "There are no winners in tariff and trade wars," Wang said. "As we see it, equality, mutual respect, and mutual benefit remain the right way for China and the U.S. to get along with each other and achieve win-win cooperation."    Wang also pointed to the opportunity for U.S. soy farmers. This year marks the beginning of China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period, he said, with the country advancing high-quality development and high-standard opening-up while continuing to improve its business and investment environment.    Promising prospects    As living standards keep rising, he said, Chinese demand for agricultural products from around the world, including the United States, will continue to grow. The prospects for high-quality U.S. soybean exports to China, in his view, remain promising.    Cao Derong, president of the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Native Produce and Animal By-Products, or CFNA, echoed the view. "Economic and trade relations should continue to serve as the ballast and propeller of China-U.S. relations, not as barriers or flashpoints," Cao said in a video message.    The CFNA remains committed to maintaining and strengthening exchanges between the Chinese and U.S. soybean sectors, Cao said.    He said the chamber this year hosted a visiting U.S. soybean association delegation as well as representatives from the Indiana Soybean Alliance, and said he hoped to see dialogue between the two sides deepen further.    Mike McCranie, chair of USSEC, has watched that relationship grow alongside his own career. He first visited China in 1982 and raised his first soybeans 40 years ago.    "It has changed a lot since then. I have been to China five times, developing great relationships. I really value those relationships," he said.    Thornton described the trade as a "textbook case" of two economies growing into each other.    U.S. soybean yields have skyrocketed in recent decades on the back of technology and precision agriculture, she said, and that leap coincided with China's dramatic rise in living standards and a growing appetite for pork and poultry, which in turn drove the demand for livestock feed.    The United States and China operate two of the most complex food systems in the world, and she described them as highly complementary.    As major producers, consumers and traders of agricultural products, the two countries share a responsibility to ensure the global food supply remains stable, sustainable, high-quality and abundant, she said.                    。    中新网上海8月20日电 “功利主义的科学观，是制约中国基础科学突破的深层原因”，清华大学科学史系主任吴国盛教授日前在《科学乃自由之路》新书分享会上如是说。                   吴国盛教授在分享会现场。

二 | 　主办方供图          　　“科学≠技术？我们一起聊聊科学的‘真面目’”——《科学乃自由之路》新书分享会日前在上海举行，吴国盛教授围绕新书主题，就科学精神的起源与内涵、过去人们对科学的系统性误解，以及自由探索与基础科学的深远意义发表演讲，并与现场读者展开深入交流。

三 |          　　分享会上他首先指出，人们常将科学与技术混为一谈，习惯以“科技”并称，实际思考时却只关注技术而忽视科学。事实上，科学是追求真理的自由探索，技术则是实用性的应用。         　　他特别指出，现代技术的每一次革命都源于基础科学突破：人工智能基于Hinton的深度学习理论，计算机网络基于量子力学和数理逻辑，电力和化工则基于电磁学和化学。如果每次技术革命都依赖跟随西方，那么一旦遭遇技术封锁便会陷入被动。

四 |          　　吴国盛表示，过去中国处于“追赶型”科技阶段，可以跟随其他国家学习。但如今中国已进入科技前沿，对科学本质的理解就变得极为尖锐和重要。

五 |          　　在他看来，功利主义的科学观，正是制约中国基础科学突破的深层原因。

六 | 吴教授强调，这不是能力问题而是观念问题。         　　吴国盛教授长期来坚持通过讲座和论坛向高校学生、社会大众普及科学史常识，敦促当代教育从体系设置上增强对科学精神与科学素养的培养规划。由商务印书馆推出的《科学乃自由之路》即是对这一长期工作的文字结集，分为演讲、访谈、短长书三个部分，以期用趣味性和论理性兼具的言说，增进读者对科学精神的重视。全书文字轻快富有趣味，引据严谨、论理深入，穿插多个科学史上的有趣故事，阐述了对科学精神深入人心的展望。(完)                【编辑:曹子健】。

七 |

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